1. What is Impulse?

Definition: Impulse is the product of a force (F) and the time interval (Δt) during which the force acts.

Purpose: It measures the change in momentum of an object when a force is applied over a time interval.

2. How Does the Impulse Formula Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( J \) — Impulse (Newton seconds, N s)
• \( F \) — Force (Newtons, N)
• \( \Delta t \) — Time interval (seconds, s)

Explanation: The greater the force or the longer it's applied, the greater the impulse and resulting change in momentum.

3. Importance of Impulse Calculation

Details: Understanding impulse is crucial in physics, engineering, and safety design (like airbags or crumple zones in cars).

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the force in Newtons and the time interval in seconds. Both values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: How is impulse related to momentum?
A: Impulse equals the change in momentum (J = Δp). This is known as the impulse-momentum theorem.

Q2: What are typical units for impulse?
A: The SI unit is Newton-seconds (N s), which is equivalent to kg·m/s.

Q3: Can impulse be negative?
A: Yes, if the force direction is opposite to the chosen positive direction, the impulse would be negative.

Q4: How does impulse apply to sports?
A: In sports like baseball or golf, players follow through to increase the time of contact (Δt), thereby increasing impulse and ball velocity.

Q5: What's the difference between impulse and impact force?
A: Impact force is the peak force during collision, while impulse is the force integrated over the entire collision time.