1. What is the Impulse Equation?

Definition: The impulse-momentum theorem states that the impulse (J) applied to an object equals the change in momentum (Δp) of that object.

Purpose: This fundamental physics principle helps analyze collisions, impacts, and force interactions over time.

2. How Does the Equation Work?

The equation is:

Where:

• \( J \) — Impulse (Newton seconds, N s)
• \( \Delta p \) — Change in momentum (kilogram meters per second, kg m/s)

Explanation: Impulse equals the force applied multiplied by the time interval over which it acts, which results in a change in the object's momentum.

3. Importance of the Impulse-Momentum Theorem

Details: This principle is crucial for understanding collision dynamics, vehicle safety systems, sports physics, and rocket propulsion.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter either impulse or change in momentum to calculate the other value. The calculator assumes J = Δp.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What are the units of impulse?
A: Impulse is measured in Newton-seconds (N s), which are equivalent to kg m/s.

Q2: How is impulse related to force?
A: Impulse equals force multiplied by time (J = F × Δt).

Q3: What's the difference between impulse and momentum?
A: Momentum is mass times velocity (p = mv), while impulse is the change in momentum caused by a force over time.

Q4: Why is impulse important in car safety?
A: Safety features like airbags increase collision time, reducing force (since J = F × Δt) for the same impulse.

Q5: Can impulse be negative?
A: Yes, when the force direction opposes the initial motion, resulting in momentum reduction.