1. What is Impulse in Physics?

Definition: Impulse is the product of a force (F) and the time interval (Δt) during which it acts. It's a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction.

Purpose: Impulse describes how force affects motion over time, important in analyzing collisions, sports, and vehicle safety systems.

2. How Does the Impulse Equation Work?

The impulse formula is:

Where:

• \( J \) — Impulse (Newton seconds, N s)
• \( F \) — Force (Newtons, N)
• \( \Delta t \) — Time interval (seconds, s)

Explanation: A larger force or longer application time results in greater impulse. This directly relates to momentum change (Δp = J).

3. Importance of Impulse

Details: Understanding impulse helps in designing safer vehicles (airbags, crumple zones), sports equipment, and analyzing collisions in physics.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the force in Newtons and time interval in seconds. Both values must be positive. The result shows impulse in Newton-seconds.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: How is impulse related to momentum?
A: Impulse equals the change in momentum (J = Δp). This is known as the impulse-momentum theorem.

Q2: What are common units for impulse?
A: Newton-seconds (N s) or kg·m/s, which are equivalent to momentum units.

Q3: Why is impulse important in car safety?
A: Safety features increase collision time (Δt), reducing force (F) for the same impulse, making impacts less dangerous.

Q4: Can impulse be negative?
A: Yes, when the force direction is opposite to the chosen positive direction.

Q5: How does impulse apply in sports?
A: Follow-through in hitting/kicking increases Δt, maximizing impulse and momentum transfer to the ball.