1. What is Impulse?

Definition: Impulse is the change in momentum of an object when a force is applied over a time interval.

Purpose: It helps in understanding how forces affect the motion of objects, particularly in collisions and other interactions.

2. How Does Impulse Work?

Impulse can be calculated using two equivalent formulas:

Where:

• \( J \) — Impulse (Newton seconds, N·s)
• \( F \) — Force (Newtons, N)
• \( \Delta t \) — Time interval (seconds, s)
• \( m \) — Mass (kilograms, kg)
• \( \Delta v \) — Change in velocity (meters per second, m/s)

Explanation: The first formula relates impulse to force and time, while the second relates it to mass and velocity change (momentum change).

3. Importance of Impulse

Details: Impulse is crucial in analyzing collisions, designing safety features (like airbags), and understanding how forces affect motion over time.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter either:

• Force and time interval, or
• Mass and velocity change

The calculator will compute impulse using the appropriate formula.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the relationship between impulse and momentum?
A: Impulse equals the change in momentum (J = Δp). This is known as the impulse-momentum theorem.

Q2: Why are there two formulas for impulse?
A: Both formulas are equivalent because FΔt = mΔv (from Newton's Second Law: F = ma = m(Δv/Δt)).

Q3: What units does impulse have?
A: Impulse is measured in Newton-seconds (N·s), which are equivalent to kg·m/s.

Q4: How is impulse used in real-world applications?
A: It's used in designing car safety systems, sports equipment, and analyzing collisions in physics.

Q5: Can impulse be negative?
A: Yes, impulse can be negative if the force is opposite to the direction of motion, indicating a decrease in momentum.