1. What is Normal Force in Physics?

Definition: The normal force is the perpendicular force exerted by a surface on an object in contact with it.

Purpose: It counteracts the force of gravity and prevents objects from passing through surfaces.

2. How Does the Normal Force Formula Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( N \) — Normal force (Newtons, N)
• \( m \) — Mass of the object (kilograms, kg)
• \( g \) — Acceleration due to gravity (m/s²)
• \( \theta \) — Angle of the surface from horizontal (degrees)

Explanation: The formula calculates the perpendicular component of the gravitational force acting on an object on an inclined plane.

3. Importance of Normal Force

Details: Understanding normal force is crucial for solving problems in statics, dynamics, and friction calculations.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the mass in kg, gravitational acceleration (default 9.81 m/s² on Earth), and surface angle (0° for horizontal). All values must be positive.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What happens when θ = 0°?
A: On a horizontal surface (θ=0°), cos(0°)=1, so the formula simplifies to N = m × g.

Q2: What's the normal force on a vertical surface?
A: On a vertical surface (θ=90°), cos(90°)=0, so normal force would be zero (object would be in free fall).

Q3: Does normal force always equal weight?
A: Only on horizontal surfaces. On inclined planes, normal force is less than the object's weight.

Q4: How does normal force relate to friction?
A: The maximum static friction force is proportional to the normal force (F_friction = μ × N).

Q5: What if there are other forces acting on the object?
A: The calculator shows only the gravitational component. Other forces would require additional calculations.