1. What is Normal Force in Physics?

Definition: The normal force is the support force exerted upon an object that is in contact with another stable object.

Purpose: It prevents objects from passing through each other and is always perpendicular to the surface of contact.

2. How Does the Normal Force Equation Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( N \) — Normal force (Newtons)
• \( m \) — Mass of the object (kilograms)
• \( g \) — Acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s² on Earth)

Explanation: This equation calculates the force exerted by a surface to support the weight of an object resting on it.

3. Importance of Normal Force

Details: Understanding normal force is crucial for analyzing forces in static equilibrium, friction calculations, and many engineering applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the mass of the object in kilograms and the gravitational acceleration (default 9.81 m/s² for Earth). All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Is normal force always equal to weight?
A: Only when the object is on a horizontal surface with no other vertical forces acting on it.

Q2: What if the surface is inclined?
A: On an inclined plane, the normal force equals \( mg \cos(\theta) \), where θ is the angle of inclination.

Q3: Why is g = 9.81 m/s²?
A: This is the standard gravitational acceleration at Earth's surface. It varies slightly by location.

Q4: Can normal force be greater than weight?
A: Yes, if additional forces are pushing the object against the surface (like in an accelerating elevator).

Q5: What are the units of normal force?
A: Newtons (N) in the SI system, which equals kg·m/s².