1. What is Impulse in Physics?

Definition: Impulse is the product of a force (F) and the time interval (Δt) during which the force acts. It equals the change in momentum of an object.

Purpose: Impulse is crucial in analyzing collisions, sports mechanics, and any situation where forces act over time intervals.

2. How Does the Impulse Formula Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( J \) — Impulse (Newton seconds, N s)
• \( F \) — Force (Newtons, N)
• \( \Delta t \) — Time interval (seconds, s)

Explanation: A larger force or longer application time results in greater impulse and greater change in momentum.

3. Importance of Impulse Calculation

Details: Understanding impulse helps in designing safety features (airbags, crumple zones), sports equipment, and analyzing mechanical systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the force in Newtons and time interval in seconds. Both values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: How is impulse related to momentum?
A: Impulse equals the change in momentum (J = Δp). This is known as the impulse-momentum theorem.

Q2: What are some real-world examples of impulse?
A: Catching a baseball (extending time to reduce force), airbags (increasing time to decrease impact force), golf swings (applying force over time).

Q3: Why are the units Newton-seconds?
A: Since 1 N = 1 kg·m/s², N·s = kg·m/s, which are the same units as momentum (mass × velocity).

Q4: Can impulse be negative?
A: Yes, when the force direction is opposite to the chosen positive direction, the impulse will be negative.

Q5: How does impulse differ from work?
A: Work depends on displacement (F·d), while impulse depends on time (F·t). Both have different units and physical meanings.