1. What is Impulse in Physics?

Definition: Impulse is the product of force and the time over which it acts, equal to the change in momentum of an object.

Purpose: It quantifies the effect of a force acting over time, important in collision analysis and momentum studies.

2. Dimensional Formula Explanation

The dimensional formula for impulse is:

Where:

• \( M \) — Mass (kilograms, kg)
• \( L \) — Length (meters, m)
• \( T \) — Time (seconds, s)

Derivation:

• Force has dimensions \([M L T^{-2}]\)
• Time has dimensions \([T]\)
• Impulse = Force × Time = \([M L T^{-2}] × [T] = [M L T^{-1}]\)

3. Importance of Impulse

Details: Impulse-momentum theorem relates impulse to change in momentum (Δp = J). It's crucial in understanding collisions, rocket propulsion, and safety mechanisms.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the force in newtons (N) and time interval in seconds (s). The calculator will compute impulse in kg·m/s (equivalent to N·s).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: How is impulse different from force?
A: Force measures instantaneous interaction, while impulse measures the cumulative effect of force over time.

Q2: Why does impulse have the same units as momentum?
A: Because impulse equals change in momentum (J = Δp), as described by the impulse-momentum theorem.

Q3: What's a practical example of impulse?
A: Airbags increase collision time (Δt) to reduce force (F) for a given impulse, protecting passengers.

Q4: How does impulse relate to sports?
A: Follow-through in sports increases Δt, allowing greater impulse and thus greater change in ball momentum.

Q5: Can impulse be negative?
A: Yes, when the force direction opposes the chosen positive direction, the impulse is negative.