1. What is Impulse in Physics?

Definition: Impulse is the product of a force (F) and the time interval (dt) during which it acts. It equals the change in momentum of an object.

Purpose: Impulse is crucial in analyzing collisions, rocket propulsion, and any situation where forces act over time intervals.

2. How Does the Impulse Formula Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( J \) — Impulse (Newton-seconds, N s)
• \( F \) — Constant force (Newtons, N)
• \( \Delta t \) — Time interval (seconds, s)

Explanation: For variable forces, impulse is the integral of force over time. This calculator simplifies by assuming constant force.

3. Importance of Impulse Calculation

Details: Impulse-momentum theorem relates impulse to momentum change (Δp = J). It's fundamental in collision analysis and safety engineering.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the force in Newtons and time interval in seconds. Both values must be > 0. The result is in Newton-seconds.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: How is impulse different from force?
A: Force measures instantaneous push/pull, while impulse measures the total effect of force over time.

Q2: What's the relationship between impulse and momentum?
A: Impulse equals change in momentum (J = Δp = mΔv).

Q3: Why do we use Newton-seconds as units?
A: 1 N s = 1 kg m/s, matching momentum units, showing the direct relationship.

Q4: How does this apply to car safety?
A: Airbags increase impact time (Δt), reducing force (F) for the same impulse (J), making collisions safer.

Q5: Can impulse be negative?
A: Yes, if the force direction opposes the reference direction, impulse can be negative.