1. What is an Impulse Calculator?

Definition: This calculator determines the impulse (change in momentum) of an object using its mass and velocity change.

Purpose: It helps physics students and engineers analyze the effect of forces applied over time intervals.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the impulse-momentum theorem:

Where:

• \( J \) — Impulse (Newton seconds, N s)
• \( m \) — Mass of the object (kilograms, kg)
• \( v_f \) — Final velocity (meters per second, m/s)
• \( v_i \) — Initial velocity (meters per second, m/s)

Explanation: Impulse equals the mass multiplied by the change in velocity (vector subtraction).

3. Importance of Impulse Calculation

Details: Impulse calculations are crucial in analyzing collisions, rocket propulsion, sports physics, and safety engineering.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the object's mass in kg, initial velocity (can be negative), and final velocity. Mass must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between impulse and momentum?
A: Momentum is mass times velocity (p = mv), while impulse is the change in momentum (J = Δp).

Q2: How is impulse related to force?
A: Impulse equals force multiplied by time (J = FΔt), showing how force over time changes momentum.

Q3: Can impulse be negative?
A: Yes, negative impulse indicates a reduction in momentum (deceleration or opposite direction force).

Q4: What are typical units for impulse?
A: Newton-seconds (N s) or kilogram-meters per second (kg m/s), which are equivalent.

Q5: How is this used in real-world applications?
A: Used in designing airbags, analyzing sports impacts, calculating rocket thrust, and crash testing.