1. What is the Gravitational Force Equation?

Definition: This equation calculates the attractive force between two masses as described by Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation.

Purpose: It helps physicists, astronomers, and engineers understand and predict gravitational interactions between objects.

2. How Does the Equation Work?

The equation uses the formula:

Where:

• \( F \) — Gravitational force (Newtons, N)
• \( G \) — Gravitational constant (6.67430 × 10⁻¹¹ N(m/kg)²)
• \( m_1 \) — Mass of first object (kilograms, kg)
• \( m_2 \) — Mass of second object (kilograms, kg)
• \( r \) — Distance between centers of mass (meters, m)

Explanation: The force is directly proportional to the product of the masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

3. Importance of Gravitational Force

Details: This fundamental force governs planetary motion, satellite orbits, and many astrophysical phenomena. It's essential for space mission planning and understanding celestial mechanics.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the masses of both objects in kilograms and their separation distance in meters. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is the gravitational constant so small?
A: The small value reflects the weakness of gravity compared to other fundamental forces. It's measured experimentally.

Q2: Does this equation work for all distances?
A: It works well for most astronomical distances, but for extremely strong fields (near black holes), Einstein's General Relativity is needed.

Q3: What's a typical value for Earth's gravitational pull?
A: Near Earth's surface, gravity exerts about 9.81 N/kg (your weight is mass × this value).

Q4: How does distance affect the force?
A: Doubling the distance reduces the force to 1/4 of its original value (inverse square law).

Q5: Can this calculate orbital periods?
A: Combined with centripetal force equations, yes - it can derive Kepler's laws of planetary motion.