1. What is Normal Force?

Definition: The normal force is the perpendicular force exerted by a surface on an object in contact with it.

Purpose: It counteracts the force of gravity and prevents objects from passing through surfaces.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( N \) — Normal force (Newtons, N)
• \( m \) — Mass of the object (kilograms, kg)
• \( g \) — Acceleration due to gravity (m/s²)
• \( \theta \) — Angle of inclination (degrees)

Explanation: The formula calculates the component of gravitational force perpendicular to the surface.

3. Importance of Normal Force

Details: Understanding normal force is crucial for analyzing friction, structural stability, and motion on inclined planes.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the mass (kg), gravity (default 9.81 m/s²), and angle of inclination (degrees). For horizontal surfaces, use 0°.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What happens when θ = 0°?
A: When θ = 0° (horizontal surface), cos(0°) = 1, so N = m × g (normal force equals weight).

Q2: What's the maximum angle possible?
A: The formula works for angles from 0° to 90°. At 90°, the normal force would be zero.

Q3: Why does normal force decrease with increasing angle?
A: As the angle increases, more of the gravitational force acts parallel to the surface rather than perpendicular.

Q4: What value should I use for gravity?
A: Use 9.81 m/s² for Earth's surface. This varies slightly by location and altitude.

Q5: How does normal force relate to friction?
A: Frictional force is proportional to normal force (F_friction = μ × N, where μ is the coefficient of friction).