1. What is Normal Force?

Definition: The normal force is the perpendicular force exerted by a surface on an object in contact with it.

Purpose: It counteracts the force of gravity and prevents objects from passing through surfaces.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( N \) — Normal force (Newtons)
• \( m \) — Mass of the object (kilograms)
• \( g \) — Acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s² on Earth)
• \( \theta \) — Angle of inclination (degrees from horizontal)

Explanation: On a flat surface (θ=0°), normal force equals weight (m×g). On an incline, it's reduced by the cosine of the angle.

3. Importance of Normal Force

Details: Understanding normal force is crucial for analyzing friction, structural stability, and mechanical systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the object's mass, gravity (default 9.81 m/s²), and surface angle (0° for horizontal). All values must be positive.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What happens when θ = 90°?
A: At 90° (vertical surface), normal force becomes zero as the surface can't support the object.

Q2: Does normal force always equal weight?
A: Only on horizontal surfaces. On inclines, normal force is always less than weight.

Q3: How does normal force relate to friction?
A: Friction force is proportional to normal force (Ffriction = μ×N, where μ is friction coefficient).

Q4: What units should I use?
A: Mass in kg, gravity in m/s², angle in degrees. Result is in Newtons (N).

Q5: Can normal force be greater than weight?
A: Yes, in situations with additional downward forces (e.g., pressing down on an object).