1. What is Normal Force?

Definition: The normal force is the support force exerted upon an object that is in contact with another stable object.

Purpose: It prevents objects from passing through each other and is perpendicular to the surface of contact.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( N \) — Normal force (Newtons, N)
• \( m \) — Mass of the object (kilograms, kg)
• \( g \) — Acceleration due to gravity (meters per second squared, m/s²)

Explanation: On a horizontal surface, the normal force equals the object's weight (mass × gravity).

3. Importance of Normal Force

Details: Understanding normal force is crucial for analyzing forces in physics, engineering, and everyday situations like objects resting on surfaces.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the object's mass in kg and gravitational acceleration (default 9.81 m/s² on Earth). All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Is normal force always equal to weight?
A: Only on horizontal surfaces. On inclined planes, normal force equals the perpendicular component of the weight.

Q2: What's the value of g on Earth?
A: Approximately 9.81 m/s², though it varies slightly by location (9.78 at equator, 9.83 at poles).

Q3: How does normal force relate to friction?
A: Maximum static friction is proportional to normal force (friction = μ × normal force).

Q4: What if the surface isn't horizontal?
A: The formula becomes N = m × g × cos(θ), where θ is the angle of inclination.

Q5: Can normal force be greater than weight?
A: Yes, if additional forces are applied downward on the object, increasing the normal force.