1. What is Impulse in Physics?

Definition: Impulse is the product of a force (F) and the time interval (Δt) during which the force acts. It equals the change in momentum of an object.

Purpose: Impulse is crucial in analyzing collisions, impacts, and any situation where forces act over time intervals.

2. How Does the Impulse Formula Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( J \) — Impulse (Newton-seconds, N s)
• \( F \) — Average force (Newtons, N)
• \( \Delta t \) — Time interval (seconds, s)

Explanation: The greater the force or the longer it acts, the greater the impulse and resulting change in momentum.

3. Importance of Impulse Calculation

Details: Understanding impulse helps in designing safety features (like airbags), analyzing sports impacts, and studying collision dynamics.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the force in Newtons and time interval in seconds. Both values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What are the units of impulse?
A: Impulse is measured in Newton-seconds (N s), which is equivalent to kg·m/s.

Q2: How is impulse related to momentum?
A: Impulse equals the change in momentum (J = Δp). This is known as the impulse-momentum theorem.

Q3: Why is time important in impulse?
A: Longer time intervals reduce peak forces (like bending knees when landing), which is why impulse is important in safety design.

Q4: Can impulse be negative?
A: Yes, if the force direction is opposite to the chosen positive direction, the impulse can be negative.

Q5: What's a typical impulse value in everyday situations?
A: Examples: Kicking a soccer ball (~10 N s), car crash (~1000s N s), tennis serve (~3 N s).