1. What is Normal Force?

Definition: The normal force is the perpendicular force exerted by a surface on an object in contact with it.

Purpose: It counteracts the force of gravity and prevents objects from passing through surfaces.

2. How Does the Formula Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( N \) — Normal force (Newtons, N)
• \( m \) — Mass of the object (kilograms, kg)
• \( g \) — Acceleration due to gravity (m/s²)
• \( \theta \) — Angle of inclination (degrees)

Explanation: The formula calculates the component of gravitational force perpendicular to the surface.

3. Importance of Normal Force

Details: Understanding normal force is crucial for analyzing friction, structural stability, and mechanical systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the mass in kg, gravitational acceleration (default 9.81 m/s²), and angle of inclination (0° for flat surfaces).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What happens when θ = 0°?
A: On flat surfaces (θ=0°), the normal force equals the weight (N = m × g) since cos(0°) = 1.

Q2: What's the normal force in free fall?
A: In free fall, the normal force is zero as there's no surface contact.

Q3: How does angle affect normal force?
A: As angle increases, normal force decreases because more gravitational force acts parallel to the surface.

Q4: What's the difference between weight and normal force?
A: Weight is the gravitational force (m × g), while normal force is the surface's reaction force (which may equal weight on flat surfaces).

Q5: When would normal force exceed weight?
A: In elevators accelerating upward or when additional downward forces are applied, normal force can exceed weight.