1. What is Normal Force?

Definition: The normal force is the perpendicular force exerted by a surface on an object in contact with it.

Purpose: It counteracts the force of gravity and prevents objects from passing through surfaces.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( N \) — Normal force (Newtons)
• \( m \) — Mass of the object (kilograms)
• \( g \) — Acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)
• \( \theta \) — Angle of incline (degrees)

Explanation: On a flat surface (θ=0°), normal force equals weight (m×g). On an incline, it decreases as the angle increases.

3. Importance of Normal Force

Details: Understanding normal force is crucial for analyzing friction, structural stability, and mechanical systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the object's mass and the surface angle (0° for flat surfaces). Gravity is fixed at 9.81 m/s².

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What happens when θ = 90°?
A: At 90°, the normal force becomes zero as the surface is vertical and can't support the object.

Q2: How does normal force relate to friction?
A: Frictional force is proportional to normal force (F_friction = μ×N, where μ is friction coefficient).

Q3: What if my surface is horizontal?
A: For horizontal surfaces (θ=0°), cos(0°)=1, so N = m×g.

Q4: Why is gravity constant at 9.81 m/s²?
A: This is Earth's standard gravitational acceleration. It varies slightly by location but 9.81 is used for most calculations.

Q5: Can normal force be greater than weight?
A: Normally no, unless additional forces are applied to push the object against the surface.