1. What is Centripetal Force?

Definition: Centripetal force is the force that keeps an object moving in a circular path, directed towards the center of rotation.

Purpose: This calculator helps determine the force needed to maintain circular motion for a given mass, velocity, and radius.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( F_c \) — Centripetal force (Newtons, N)
• \( m \) — Mass of the object (kilograms, kg)
• \( v \) — Tangential velocity (meters per second, m/s)
• \( r \) — Radius of the circular path (meters, m)

Explanation: The force required increases with mass and the square of velocity, but decreases with larger radius.

3. Importance of Centripetal Force

Details: Understanding centripetal force is crucial in designing circular motion systems like roller coasters, planetary orbits, and centrifuges.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the mass (kg), velocity (m/s), and radius (m). All values must be positive (radius > 0).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between centripetal and centrifugal force?
A: Centripetal force is the real inward force causing circular motion, while centrifugal force is the apparent outward force in a rotating frame.

Q2: What happens if centripetal force is removed?
A: The object will move in a straight line tangent to its circular path (Newton's first law).

Q3: How does velocity affect the force needed?
A: Force increases with the square of velocity - double the speed requires quadruple the force.

Q4: What are common sources of centripetal force?
A: Tension (in a string), friction (car turning), gravity (planetary orbits), or normal force.

Q5: Can this be used for planetary motion?
A: Yes, with appropriate units - the gravitational force provides the centripetal force for orbits.