1. What is the Lorentz Force?

Definition: The Lorentz force is the combination of electric and magnetic forces on a point charge due to electromagnetic fields.

Purpose: This fundamental equation describes how charged particles move in electromagnetic fields, with applications in particle physics, electrical engineering, and plasma physics.

2. The Lorentz Force Equation

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( \vec{F} \) — Total force (Newtons)
• \( q \) — Electric charge (Coulombs)
• \( \vec{E} \) — Electric field (N/C or V/m)
• \( \vec{v} \) — Velocity of the charge (m/s)
• \( \vec{B} \) — Magnetic field (Tesla)

Explanation: The force has two components - electric (qE) and magnetic (qv×B). The cross product means the magnetic force is perpendicular to both v and B.

3. Importance of Lorentz Force

Details: This equation is fundamental to understanding electromagnetism, governing everything from electron motion to electric motor operation.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the charge (q), electric field (E), velocity (v), and magnetic field (B). The calculator shows total force and both components.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the direction of the magnetic force?
A: The direction follows the right-hand rule for cross products, perpendicular to both v and B.

Q2: What if velocity is parallel to B?
A: The magnetic force becomes zero since sin(0°) = 0 in the cross product.

Q3: What units should I use?
A: Use SI units - Coulombs for charge, N/C or V/m for E, m/s for v, and Tesla for B.

Q4: Does this work for negative charges?
A: Yes, the force direction reverses for negative charges.

Q5: How is this related to F=ma?
A: Lorentz force is the specific electromagnetic force that would go into F=ma for charged particles.