1. What is Centripetal Force?

Definition: Centripetal force is the force required to keep an object moving in a circular path at constant speed.

Purpose: This calculator determines the inward force needed to maintain circular motion based on mass, velocity, and radius.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( F_c \) — Centripetal force (Newtons, N)
• \( m \) — Mass of the object (kilograms, kg)
• \( v \) — Velocity of the object (meters per second, m/s)
• \( r \) — Radius of the circular path (meters, m)

Explanation: The force increases with mass and the square of velocity, but decreases with larger radius.

3. Importance of Centripetal Force

Details: Understanding centripetal force is crucial for designing circular motion systems like roller coasters, centrifuges, and planetary orbits.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the mass in kg, velocity in m/s, and radius in m. All values must be positive (radius > 0).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between centripetal and centrifugal force?
A: Centripetal force is the real inward force, while centrifugal force is a fictitious outward force perceived in a rotating frame.

Q2: How does velocity affect centripetal force?
A: Force increases with the square of velocity - doubling speed quadruples the required force.

Q3: What are some real-world examples?
A: Car turning (friction provides force), Earth's orbit (gravity provides force), washing machine spin cycle.

Q4: What happens if centripetal force is removed?
A: The object will move in a straight line (Newton's First Law).

Q5: How is this related to angular velocity?
A: For objects rotating at ω rad/s, v = rω, so F_c = m r ω².