1. What is Normal Force?

Definition: The normal force is the perpendicular force exerted by a surface on an object in contact with it.

Purpose: It prevents objects from passing through surfaces and is crucial for understanding mechanical systems.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( N \) — Normal force (Newtons)
• \( m \) — Mass of the object (kilograms)
• \( g \) — Acceleration due to gravity (m/s²)
• \( \theta \) — Angle of inclination (degrees)

Explanation: The normal force equals the perpendicular component of the gravitational force when on an inclined plane.

3. Importance of Normal Force Calculation

Details: Understanding normal force is essential for analyzing friction, structural integrity, and motion dynamics.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the mass (kg), gravity (default 9.81 m/s²), and angle (degrees). For horizontal surfaces, use 0°.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What happens when θ = 0°?
A: The normal force equals the object's weight (N = m × g) since cos(0°) = 1.

Q2: What's the maximum angle I can use?
A: The formula is valid for angles between 0° and 90°. At 90°, the normal force would be zero.

Q3: Why does normal force decrease with increasing angle?
A: More of the gravitational force becomes parallel to the surface as the angle increases.

Q4: Does this account for friction?
A: No, this calculates only the normal component. Friction would require multiplying by the coefficient of friction.

Q5: What if the surface is accelerating?
A: This calculator assumes the surface is stationary or moving at constant velocity.