1. What is Impulse in Physics?

Definition: Impulse is the product of force and the time over which it acts, equal to the change in momentum of an object.

Purpose: This calculator determines impulse from the area under a force-time graph, which is crucial in analyzing collisions and impacts.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( J \) — Impulse (N s or kg m/s)
• \( F \) — Average force (N)
• \( \Delta t \) — Time interval (s)

Explanation: For a rectangular force-time graph, impulse equals force multiplied by time. For complex graphs, break into simpler shapes.

3. Importance of Impulse Calculation

Details: Impulse-momentum theorem relates impulse to change in momentum (\( J = \Delta p \)), essential in analyzing collisions, sports physics, and vehicle safety.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the average force (in Newtons) and time interval (in seconds). The calculator assumes constant force over the time period.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: How is impulse different from force?
A: Force measures instantaneous push/pull, while impulse measures the total effect of force over time.

Q2: What if the force isn't constant?
A: For variable force, calculate area under the curve by dividing into rectangles/triangles or using calculus.

Q3: What are typical impulse values?
A: A 50N force acting for 2s gives 100N s. Baseball bats impart ~15N s, car crashes ~1000N s.

Q4: How does impulse relate to safety?
A: Airbags increase collision time, reducing force (same impulse) on passengers.

Q5: Can impulse be negative?
A: Yes, if force direction opposes positive reference direction.