Calculate Gravitational Force Between Objects

Gravitational Force Formula:

\[ F = G \times \frac{m_1 \times m_2}{r^2} \]

Mass of Object 1:

Mass of Object 2:

Distance Between Objects:

Gravitational Constant:

N m²/kg²

Gravitational Force (N):

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1. What is Gravitational Force?

Definition: Gravitational force is the attractive force between two objects with mass, as described by Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation.

Purpose: This calculator helps determine the gravitational attraction between any two objects based on their masses and distance.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ F = G \times \frac{m_1 \times m_2}{r^2} \]

Where:

\( F \) — Gravitational force (Newtons)
\( G \) — Gravitational constant (6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ N m²/kg²)
\( m_1 \) — Mass of first object (kg)
\( m_2 \) — Mass of second object (kg)
\( r \) — Distance between centers of mass (m)

Explanation: The force is directly proportional to the product of the masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

3. Importance of Gravitational Force

Details: Understanding gravitational forces is crucial in physics, astronomy, space exploration, and engineering projects involving orbital mechanics.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the masses of both objects in kilograms, the distance between them in meters, and the gravitational constant (default is 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ N m²/kg²). All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the gravitational constant (G)?
A: It's a fundamental physical constant that determines the strength of gravity in Newton's law of universal gravitation.

Q2: Why is the force so small for everyday objects?
A: Because G is extremely small (6.67 × 10⁻¹¹), noticeable gravitational force only occurs with planetary-scale masses.

Q3: Does this calculator work for celestial bodies?
A: Yes, you can calculate the force between planets, stars, etc., by entering their masses and distance.

Q4: How accurate is this calculation?
A: It's accurate for classical physics, but for very strong gravitational fields or high velocities, Einstein's General Relativity is needed.

Q5: Why does distance have such a big impact?
A: Because the force decreases with the square of the distance (inverse-square law), so doubling the distance reduces force to 1/4.